Feature DFINF: by placing an X for return value for an infotype like IT 0: it will copy default values from PD for the related object.
For example, if the feature has an X for IT 8, the default values from the employee's position for pay scale type & area, etc are shown when you insert a IT 8 record. You can change any default value provided it is valid.
S_PH0_48000513 is an adhoc query as Scott mentioned. You can select a suitable infoset, ensure user group is created and assigned to you. Then create a query as you need.
However this may not give you all the data that you need.
You may create a spreadsheet with the above output
Then with other queries, wage type reporter, SE16 output, etc, create further spreadsheets.
Import the spreadsheets into MS Access (database). Here you can link the data with keys like pers.no., position, org unit, etc and obtain reports as you need. It would require some skills in SQL or queries.